Singapore is a small island in Southeast Asia with a rich and diverse architectural heritage. The architecture of Singapore reflects the influences and styles from different places and periods, ranging from traditional Malay houses to modern skyscrapers. The colonial period, from the 19th century to World War II, saw the introduction of European Neoclassical, Gothic, Palladian, and Renaissance styles, as well as the hybrid shophouses and black and white bungalows that combined local and foreign elements. Some notable examples of colonial architecture are the Raffles Hotel, the Old Parliament House, and the Victoria Theatre. The post-war and post-colonial period, from the 1950s to the present, witnessed Singapore’s rapid urbanization and modernization, and the emergence of a national identity and a tropical climate-sensitive approach to architecture. The public housing apartment blocks, designed in the International Style and the Brutalist style, became the dominant feature of the urban landscape. The late 20th and early 21st centuries also saw the development of post-modern, high-tech, and neo-tropical architecture and the conservation and restoration of historic buildings. Some of the iconic landmarks of this period are the Marina Bay Sands, the Helix Bridge, and the Jewel Changi Airport.
Listed below are the architecture and landmarks to visit in Singapore:
- The Merlion: The Merlion is a large statue of a mythical creature with a lion’s head and a fish’s body. It is the official mascot of Singapore and a symbol of its history and identity. The Merlion is 8.6 meters (28 feet) tall and weighs 70 tonnes. It is made of cement, and its skin consists of porcelain plates and red teacups. It spouts water from its mouth into Marina Bay.
- Jewel Changi Airport: Jewel Changi Airport is a nature-themed entertainment and retail complex connected to one of the passenger terminals of Changi Airport, Singapore. It covers an area of 137,000 square meters (1,474,668 square feet) and features a glass and steel dome that houses a variety of attractions, shops, and restaurants.
- Funan: Funan is a mixed-use development in the Civic District of Singapore. It comprises a retail mall, two office towers, and a serviced apartment tower. The new development was built on the former Funan DigitaLife Mall site, which was demolished in 2016. Funan aims to be an experimental creative hub that appeals to savvy consumers who pursue quality of life in a socially conscious and creative environment.
- Bishan Sky Habitat: Bishan Sky Habitat is a condominium development in Singapore with two 38-story towers connected by three sky bridges. It is located in the town center of Bishan, a popular residential area in the Central Region of Singapore. It is close to Bishan MRT station, Junction 8 shopping mall, and several reputable schools.
- The Cathay: The Cathay is a mixed-use building comprising a cinema, a shopping mall, and an apartment complex. It is located at Handy Road and Mount Sophia in the Museum Planning Area of Singapore. The Cathay is 66 meters (217 feet) high and has a floor area of 17,000 square meters (182,988 square feet). It has 17 stories, four of which are underground.
- National Gallery Singapore: The National Gallery Singapore is a public institution and national museum dedicated to art and culture. It is located in the Civic District of Singapore, in two national monuments: the former Supreme Court and the former City Hall. It is Singapore’s largest visual arts venue and museum, with a floor area of 64,000 square meters (688,896 square feet).
- OCBC Centre: The OCBC Centre is a skyscraper in Singapore that serves as the headquarters of OCBC Bank. It is located in the Downtown Core, the city’s central business district. The building has 52 floors and a height of 197.7 meters (649 feet). It was completed in 1976 and was the second-tallest building in the country and South East Asia.
- Green Heart – Marina One Singapore: The Green Heart – Marina One Singapore is a mixed-use development comprising four high-rise buildings with a total floor area of 400,000 square meters (4,305,600 square feet). The buildings house office, residential, retail spaces, and a public landscaped area covering 37,000 square meters (398,268 square feet).
- The Colonnade: The Colonnade is a freehold condominium development located at 82 Grange Road in District 9 of Singapore. It was completed in 1986 and has 90 units available for rent. The Colonnade is a distinctive landmark in the Orchard Road area with its unique columnar architecture and outlooks.
- Parkroyal on Pickering: The Parkroyal on Pickering is a hotel in Chinatown, Singapore, that stands out for its eco-friendly design and features. The hotel has 16 floors and covers an area of 29,000 square meters (312,156 square feet). It has 367 rooms, a wellness floor, a restaurant, and a rooftop lounge.
- The Mill: The Mill is a dynamic coalition comprising various niche creative, art, and design outfits. It is located at Jalan Kilang 5, Singapore 159405, just minutes from the city center. The building amalgamates post-industrial American and neo-Gothic architectural influences, cast alongside a fortified Gothic tower.
- Ferrell Residences: Ferrell Residences is a freehold condominium at Bukit Timah Road in District 10 of Singapore. It was completed in 2013 by Premium Land Pte Ltd, a subsidiary of Ferrell Asset Management Pte Ltd. It has 34 residential units spread across 23 stories. It was designed by the award-winning SCDA Architects, known for creating iconic buildings that blend with the environment.
- Golden Mile Complex: The Golden Mile Complex is a high-rise on Beach Road in Kallang, Singapore. It is a mixed-use development that contains shops, offices, and residential units. It was completed in 1973 and was one of the first projects of the Urban Renewal Department of the Housing and Development Board.
- Changi Airport Control Tower: The Changi Airport Control Tower is an architectural landmark in Singapore that oversees the operations of one of the world’s busiest airports. The tower is 81 meters (266 feet) above mean sea level and is between the airport’s two runways. It provides aerodrome control service to aircraft landing, departing, and maneuvering within the airport. In a day, the tower handles 1,000 aircraft movements.
01. The Merlion
The Merlion is a large statue of a mythical creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish. It is the official mascot of Singapore and a symbol of its history and identity. The Merlion is 8.6 meters (28 feet) tall and weighs 70 tonnes. It is made of cement, and its skin consists of porcelain plates and red teacups. It spouts water from its mouth into Marina Bay. The Merlion was designed by Alec Fraser-Brunner, a British zoologist and curator of the Van Kleef Aquarium in Singapore. He created the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) logo in 1964, which featured the Merlion as a representation of Singapore’s origin and name. The fish body refers to Singapore’s past as a fishing village called Temasek, while the lion head refers to the legend of Sang Nila Utama, a prince who named Singapura (lion city in Sanskrit) after seeing a lion there.
The Merlion statue was sculpted by Lim Nang Seng, a local craftsman who won a competition organized by the STB in 1971. He based his work on Fraser-Brunner’s design and used more than 5500 pieces of porcelain and teacups donated by the public to decorate the statue. Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew unveiled the statue on 15 September 1972 at the mouth of the Singapore River, where it became a popular attraction for tourists and locals. The Merlion statue was relocated to its current location at Merlion Park in 2002 due to the construction of the Esplanade Bridge that blocked its view from the waterfront. The statue was lifted by a crane and placed on a barge that transported it to the new site, where it was installed on a two-meter (7-foot) high pedestal. The relocation cost $7.5 million (€6.83 million, £6.53 million) and took 7 months.
The Merlion statue is not the only one of its kind in Singapore. Six other official Merlion statues have been approved by the STB, including a smaller version of the original statue that stands beside it at Merlion Park and a 37-meter (121-foot) high replica that is part of the Sentosa Island resort. Many unofficial Merlion statues and sculptures can be found in various places around the city, such as hotels, restaurants, and schools.
02. Jewel Changi Airport
Jewel Changi Airport is a nature-themed entertainment and retail complex connected to one of the passenger terminals of Changi Airport, Singapore. It covers an area of 137,000 square meters (1,474,668 square feet) and features a glass and steel dome that houses a variety of attractions, shops, and restaurants. The most prominent feature of Jewel Changi Airport is the Rain Vortex, the world’s tallest indoor waterfall that cascades from the dome’s roof. The waterfall is surrounded by a terraced forest setting called the Shiseido Forest Valley, which has over 2,000 trees and 10,000 shrubs from different countries. The waterfall and the forest create a natural environment that contrasts with the urban setting of the airport.
The other attraction of Jewel Changi Airport is the Canopy Park, located at the topmost level of the dome. The park offers various recreational activities for visitors, such as walking on the Canopy Bridge, bouncing on the Manulife Sky Nets, sliding down the Discovery Slides, and exploring the Foggy Bowls. The park also has a floral garden called the Petal Garden and a topiary garden called the Topiary Walk. Jewel Changi Airport also has a wide range of dining and shopping options for all ages and preferences. It has over 280 retail outlets and 100 food and beverage outlets, including some exclusive to Jewel or new to Singapore. Some notable brands include Shake Shack, Pokémon Center, Apple, and Muji. Jewel also has a hotel called YOTELAIR, which provides short-term accommodation for travelers.
The architectural style of Jewel Changi Airport is inspired by the concept of a tropical city where nature and urbanism coexist harmoniously. The design team, led by Moshe Safdie, aimed to create a functional, aesthetic space that reflects Singapore’s culture and identity. The dome structure, made of glass panels and steel trusses, allows natural light and ventilation to enter the building while providing a stunning view of the sky and the airport. The historical design influences of Jewel Changi Airport can be traced back to the vision of Lee Kuan Yew, the founding father of Singapore, who wanted to transform the city-state into a garden city. Jewel Changi Airport is a continuation of this vision, as it showcases the integration of nature and technology and the innovation and creativity of Singapore. Jewel Changi Airport is also influenced by the legacy of Changi Airport, which is widely regarded as one of the best airports in the world. Jewel Changi Airport aims to enhance the passenger experience and the reputation of Changi Airport and attract more visitors and tourists to Singapore.
03. Funan
Funan is a mixed-use development in the Civic District of Singapore. It comprises a retail mall, two office towers, and a serviced apartment tower. The new development was built on the former Funan DigitaLife Mall site, which was demolished in 2016. Funan aims to be an experimental creative hub that appeals to savvy consumers who pursue quality of life in a socially conscious and creative environment. The retail mall of Funan has a total gross floor area of 88,900 square meters (956,920 square feet). It features many innovative and unique facilities, such as a dedicated cycling lane, a multi-sensory cinema, a high-tech food court, a rock climbing wall, and a theatre. The mall also has a floor dedicated to IT products and a collection of local artisan and designer stores. The mall is designed to offer an online-to-offline shopping experience, with seamless integration of digital and physical platforms.
The office towers of Funan have a total net lettable area of 54,400 square meters (585,562 square feet). They are designed to cater to the needs of the new economy, with flexible and collaborative workspaces, smart building features, and wellness amenities. The office towers are also connected to the retail mall and the serviced apartment tower, offering convenience and accessibility to the tenants and visitors. The serviced apartment tower of Funan is called lyf Funan Singapore. It is the flagship of The Ascott Limited’s lyf brand, a coliving serviced residence designed by millennials for millennials. It has 279 units, ranging from studios to six-bedroom apartments, with a total floor area of 12,100 square meters (130,244 square feet). It also has a social kitchen, a coworking lounge, a fitness area, and a rooftop terrace. It is meant to provide guests with a lively and communal living experience.
Funan’s architectural style is modern and futuristic, with a sleek and minimalist facade. The materials used for the construction include glass, steel, concrete, and wood. The design also incorporates elements of sustainability, such as solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and vertical greenery. The development also has a smart building management system that monitors and optimizes energy, water usage, and indoor air quality. The historical design influences of Funan are derived from Singapore’s rich heritage and culture. The name Funan refers to the ancient kingdom of Funan, one of the earliest civilizations in Southeast Asia. The development also pays homage to the former National Theatre, an iconic Civic District landmark demolished in 1986. The shape and orientation of the office towers are inspired by the former theatre’s diamond-shaped facade and its alignment with the Padang. The development also celebrates the local arts and crafts by showcasing the works of various Singaporean artists and designers throughout the premises.
04. Bishan Sky Habitat
Bishan Sky Habitat is a Singapore condominium development with two 38-story towers connected by three sky bridges. It is located in the town center of Bishan, a popular residential area in the Central Region of Singapore. It is close to Bishan MRT station, Junction 8 shopping mall, and several reputable schools. Bishan Sky Habitat was designed by Moshe Safdie, a world-renowned architect who designed Marina Bay Sands, a landmark hotel and casino complex in Singapore. Safdie’s design for Bishan Sky Habitat was inspired by his earlier work, Habitat 67, a housing complex in Montreal, Canada, considered an architectural masterpiece.
Bishan Sky Habitat features a three-dimensional matrix of homes, gardens, terraces, and sky bridges that create a dynamic and diverse living environment. The sky bridges house communal facilities such as a 50-meter (164-foot) pool, a tennis court, and a gym. The units range from one-bedroom plus study to duplex penthouses, with different layouts and orientations. Bishan Sky Habitat covers a site area of 12,980 square meters (139,717 square feet) and has a total gross floor area of 81,200 square meters (874,037 square feet). It comprises 509 residential units with a 99-year leasehold tenure. The units have a floor area between 63 square meters (678 square feet) and 298 square meters (3,208 square feet). The development was completed in 2015 and cost $500 million (€455 million, £435 million) to build.
Bishan Sky Habitat uses high-quality materials and finishes, such as glass, steel, concrete, and wood. The glass facade allows natural light and ventilation to enter the units, while the steel structure provides strength and stability. The concrete walls and floors offer thermal insulation and soundproofing. The wood accents add warmth and texture to the interior spaces. Bishan Sky Habitat has received several awards and recognition for its innovative and sustainable design. It was awarded the BCA Green Mark GoldPlus certification by the Building and Construction Authority of Singapore, which recognizes buildings that achieve high environmental performance and quality standards. It was also featured in local and international publications, such as The Straits Times, The Business Times, and Architectural Record.
05. The Cathay
The Cathay is a mixed-use building comprising a cinema, a shopping mall, and an apartment complex. It is located at Handy Road and Mount Sophia in the Museum Planning Area of Singapore. The Cathay has a height of 66 meters (217 feet) and a floor area of 17,000 square meters (182,988 square feet). It has 17 stories, of which four are underground. The Cathay was built in 1939 by Cathay Organisation, a company founded by Dato Loke Wan Tho, a prominent businessman and film producer. The Cathay was the first skyscraper and the first air-conditioned cinema in Singapore. It was also the country’s first cinema to screen American and British films. The Cathay was designed by Frank Brewer, an architect from Shanghai, who incorporated Art Deco elements into the building’s façade.
The Cathay’s façade features a symmetrical arrangement of vertical and horizontal lines, geometric shapes, and decorative motifs. The façade is made of reinforced concrete and steel and is painted white and beige. The façade has a central tower that rises above the main entrance, flanked by two wings. The tower has a clock and a neon sign that displays the name of the building. The wings have rectangular windows and balconies that overlook the street. The Cathay’s interior reflects the influence of Chinese and Malay cultures, as well as the glamour of Hollywood. The interior is decorated with marble, wood, brass, and glass. The interior has a spacious lobby, a grand staircase, a ballroom, and a restaurant. The interior also has a cinema hall with up to 1,300 people. The cinema hall has a large screen, a stage, and a balcony. The cinema hall has hosted many film premieres, concerts, and events.
The Cathay underwent a major renovation in 1998, which lasted until 2006. The renovation aimed to preserve the historical and architectural value of the building while adding modern facilities and amenities. The renovation involved demolishing the original cinema hall, replacing it with a new one, and adding more retail and residential spaces. The renovation also restored the original façade and interior of the building and added a glass extension that connects the old and new structures. The Cathay is a national monument of Singapore and a popular destination for locals and tourists. The Cathay offers a variety of entertainment, shopping, and dining options, as well as a glimpse into the history and culture of Singapore. The Cathay is also a venue for art exhibitions, cultural festivals, and community events.
06. National Gallery Singapore
The National Gallery Singapore is a public institution and national museum dedicated to art and culture. It is located in the Civic District of Singapore, in two national monuments: the former Supreme Court and the former City Hall. It is Singapore’s largest visual arts venue and museum, with a floor area of 64,000 square meters (688,896 square feet). The National Gallery Singapore showcases more than 8,000 modern Singaporean and Southeast Asian art from the 19th century to the present. It aims to provide an understanding and appreciation of art and culture in the region and its relationship with other parts of the world. It also houses various fine dining restaurants, such as Odette and the National Kitchen by Violet Oon.
The National Gallery Singapore was announced in 2006 by the Minister for Information, Communications, and the Arts, Dr. Lee Boon Yang. It was officially opened on 24 November 2015 by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. The gallery development cost $532 million (€484.12 million, £462.84 million). The National Gallery Singapore was designed by studioMilou Singapore and CPG Consultants, who preserved the original features of the two historic buildings while adding new elements. The most prominent feature is the metal and glass canopy that covers the two buildings and the courtyard between them. The banyan tree, a symbol of Singapore, inspires the canopy.
The National Gallery Singapore has two main galleries: the DBS Singapore Gallery and the UOB Southeast Asia Gallery. The DBS Singapore Gallery focuses on the development of Singaporean art and its social and historical context. The UOB Southeast Asia Gallery presents the art of Southeast Asian from the 19th century to the present and explores the region’s shared artistic impulses and influences. The National Gallery Singapore also has several special exhibition galleries, a rooftop sculpture garden, a children’s art education center, a library, an auditorium, and a resource center. The gallery offers a variety of programs and activities for visitors, such as guided tours, artist talks, lectures, workshops, and festivals. The gallery is open daily from 10:00 am to 07:00 pm, and admission is free for Singaporean citizens and permanent residents.
07. OCBC Centre
The OCBC Centre is a skyscraper in Singapore that serves as the headquarters of OCBC Bank. It is located in the Downtown Core, the city’s central business district. The building has 52 floors and a height of 197.7 meters (649 feet). It was completed in 1976 and was the second-tallest building in the country and South East Asia. The OCBC Centre was designed by I. M. Pei, a famous architect who also designed the Louvre Pyramid in Paris and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. He wanted to create a symbol of strength and permanence for the bank and chose a Brutalist architectural style with a concrete facade and a geometric shape.
The OCBC Centre consists of the main tower, the south wing, and the east wing. The main tower has a triangular plan that narrows as it rises, creating a distinctive profile. The south wing is a lower extension connecting to the base’s main tower. The east wing is a separate building that faces the main tower across a plaza. It has a rectangular plan and a curved roof. The OCBC Centre is made of reinforced concrete and steel. The concrete was cast in situ, poured, and shaped on the site. The steel was used for the structural frame and the curtain wall. The building also has a glass facade covering the windows and reflecting sunlight. The glass is tinted in a bronze color to match the concrete.
The OCBC Centre was influenced by Singapore’s historical and cultural context. The building’s shape and orientation were designed to respect feng shui principles, which are based on the harmony of natural forces. The building’s facade was inspired by Chinese screens, decorative panels that divide spaces and create patterns. The building’s plaza was modeled after Chinese courtyards, open spaces that invite social interaction.
08. Green Heart – Marina One Singapore
The Green Heart – Marina One Singapore is a mixed-use development comprising four high-rise buildings with a total floor area of 400,000 square meters (4,305,600 square feet). The buildings house office, residential, retail spaces, and a public landscaped area covering 37,000 square meters (398,268 square feet). The Green Heart is the project’s core concept, designed by ingenhoven architects in collaboration with landscape architects Gustafson Porter + Bowman. The Green Heart is a three-dimensional green oasis that reflects the diversity of tropical flora and creates new habitats for various types of animals. It is inspired by the natural climate changes at different vertical levels of the rainforest and mimics a green valley with its variations in temperature and humidity. The Green Heart features restaurants, cafes, a fitness club, a pool, a supermarket, a food court, and event areas that offer products, services, and social interaction to the residents, office workers, and visitors.
The four buildings surrounding the Green Heart have a distinctive organic shape and a facade system comprising aluminum sunshades and glass panels. The facade system reduces solar radiation and glare and allows natural ventilation and daylighting. The buildings have been rated under the Green Mark Platinum and LEED Platinum schemes for their environmental performance and sustainability. The Green Heart’s architectural style is influenced by the historical design of Asian paddy field terraces, which are stepped agricultural landscapes that follow the contours of hills or mountains. The project also draws inspiration from the Marina Bay area, a reclaimed land transformed into a vibrant waterfront district with iconic landmarks, such as the Marina Bay Sands and the Gardens by the Bay.
The Green Heart was officially opened on January 15, 2018, after eight years of planning and construction. It is the largest project by Ingenhoven Architects and an international role model for living and working in megacities, especially in tropical regions. The project is a joint venture between Malaysia’s Khazanah Nasional Berhad and Singapore’s Temasek Holdings, symbolizing the close cooperation between the two countries.
09. The Colonnade
The Colonnade is a freehold condominium development located at 82 Grange Road in District 9 of Singapore. It was completed in 1986 and has 90 units available for rent. The Colonnade is a distinctive landmark in the Orchard Road area with its unique columnar architecture and outlooks. The Colonnade was designed by the American architect Paul Rudolph, who was known for his innovative approach to building design. Rudolph was influenced by the Brutalist movement, which emphasized raw concrete, geometric forms, and functional spaces. Rudolph also incorporated elements of tropical architecture, such as natural ventilation, sun shading, and greenery.
The Colonnade consists of two 20-storey towers connected by a sky bridge on the 10th floor. Each tower has 45 units, ranging from three-bedroom apartments to penthouses. The units are designed with double-volume ceilings, spacious orientations, large balconies, and modern kitchens. The units also have panoramic views of the city skyline and the surrounding greenery. The Colonnade has various facilities that residents can enjoy, such as a swimming pool, a gymnasium, a tennis court, and a playground. The Colonnade also provides 24-hour security surveillance for the safety of residents. The Colonnade is close to public transportation, such as the Orchard MRT station and several bus stops. The Colonnade is also near many shops and amenities, such as the Tanglin Mall, the Orchard Towers, and the Singapore Botanic Gardens.
The Colonnade is a remarkable example of Paul Rudolph’s architectural vision and creativity. The Colonnade reflects Rudolph’s interest in exploring the possibilities of prefabricated units, structural frames, and spatial variations. The Colonnade also demonstrates Rudolph’s sensitivity to the local climate and context, as he adapted his design to suit the tropical environment and culture.
10. Parkroyal on Pickering
The Parkroyal on Pickering is a hotel in Chinatown, Singapore that stands out for its eco-friendly design and features. The hotel has 16 floors and covers an area of 29,000 square meters (312,156 square feet). It has 367 rooms, a wellness floor, a restaurant, and a rooftop lounge. The Parkroyal on Pickering is made of concrete, steel, and glass, but it also incorporates a lot of greenery and natural elements. The hotel has more than 15,000 square meters (161,460 square feet) of gardens, water features, and green walls, which help to reduce heat and energy consumption. The hotel also uses solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and motion sensors to save water and electricity.
The architectural style of the Parkroyal on Pickering is inspired by the tropical climate and landscape of Singapore, as well as the heritage and culture of Chinatown. The hotel’s facade resembles a series of stacked boxes that create a geometric pattern. The hotel’s gardens are designed to mimic the terraced rice fields of Southeast Asia, and the hotel’s lobby features a birdcage-like structure that pays homage to the traditional bird-singing corners of Chinatown. The Parkroyal on Pickering’s design was conceived by the award-winning firm WOHA, known for its innovative and sustainable architecture in the tropics. The hotel’s design has also won several accolades, including the World Architecture Festival Award, the International Highrise Award, and the Urban Habitat Award.
The Parkroyal on Pickering’s design aims to balance the urban and the natural, the modern and the traditional, and the functional and the aesthetic. The hotel’s design also reflects the vision of the PARKROYAL COLLECTION brand: to create hotels that are icons of responsible luxury.
11. The Mill
The Mill is a dynamic coalition comprising various niche creative, art, and design outfits. It is located at Jalan Kilang 5, Singapore 159405, just minutes from the city center. The building amalgamates post-industrial American and neo-Gothic architectural influences, cast alongside a fortified Gothic tower. The Mill has two towers with six floors and a rooftop garden terrace. The tower on the left is inspired by neo-Gothic architecture, featuring pointed arches, spiral staircases, and a black facade. The tower on the right is influenced by post-industrial American architecture, with high ceilings, large windows, and exposed brick walls.
The Mill has a total floor area of 4,000 square meters (43,056 square feet). The office spaces are designed for creative professionals, with 6-meter (24-foot) high ceilings and 2.4-meter (8-foot) tall windows. The spaces are also flexible and customizable, allowing tenants to create unique work environments. The Mill is home to several clothing brands, such as The Editor’s Market and Kevin Seah. It also hosts a cafe called Alchemist, which serves quality espresso-based coffee and pastries. The cafe has a Victorian-style interior that matches the theme of the building, lit with a beautiful chandelier in the center.
The Mill was designed by Swan & Maclaren, the oldest architectural firm in Singapore, alongside James Adams, an architect who also designed Parkview Square. The building was completed in 2019 after four years of construction. The building aims to be a creative hub that fosters collaboration and innovation among its tenants and visitors.
12. Ferrell Residences
Ferrell Residences is a freehold condominium at Bukit Timah Road in District 10 of Singapore. It was completed in 2013 by Premium Land Pte Ltd, a subsidiary of Ferrell Asset Management Pte Ltd. It has a total of 34 residential units spread across 23 stories. It was designed by the award-winning SCDA Architects, known for creating iconic buildings that blend with the environment. Ferrell Residences occupies a land area of 3,900 square meters (41,980 square feet). The total gross floor area is 14,000 square meters (150,696 square feet). The residential units range from 2 to 4-bedroom apartments, penthouses and sky villas. The sizes of the units vary from 103 square meters (1,109 square feet) to 697 square meters (7,503 square feet). Each unit has a private lift lobby and a balcony that offers panoramic views of the city skyline and the greenery.
Ferrell Residences is built with high-quality materials that reflect its luxury and elegance. The facade is clad with natural stone and glass, contrasting the solid and transparent elements. The interior has marble flooring, timber panels, and stainless steel fittings. The bathrooms are equipped with sanitary wares and fittings from Duravit and Hansgrohe. The kitchens are furnished with appliances from Miele and cabinets from Poggenpohl. Ferrell Residences is inspired by the modernist architectural style, which emphasizes simplicity, functionality, and harmony with nature. The building has a sleek, geometric form following the site’s contour. The facade comprises horizontal and vertical lines that create a rhythmic pattern. The glass curtain wall allows natural light and ventilation to enter the units, while the stone cladding provides privacy and insulation. The building also features landscaped sky terraces and roof gardens that add greenery and amenity to the residents.
The works of Le Corbusier, a pioneer of modern architecture, influenced Ferrell Residences. Le Corbusier advocated using reinforced concrete, steel, and glass as the main materials for building construction. He also proposed the concept of the “five points of architecture,” which are the pilotis, the free plan, the free facade, the horizontal window, and the roof garden. These principles are evident in Ferrell Residences’ design, which incorporates columns, flexible floor layouts, non-load-bearing walls, long strip windows, and green roofs. Ferrell Residences is a remarkable example of modern architecture in Singapore. It showcases the creativity and innovation of SCDA Architects, who have successfully integrated the building with the surrounding context. It also offers a luxurious and comfortable living experience for the residents, who can enjoy the spacious and well-appointed units and the facilities and services provided by the development.
13. Golden Mile Complex
The Golden Mile Complex is a high-rise on Beach Road in Kallang, Singapore. It is a mixed-use development that contains shops, offices, and residential units. It was completed in 1973 and was one of the first projects of the Urban Renewal Department of the Housing and Development Board. The Golden Mile Complex has a distinctive terraced facade that resembles a giant typewriter. It was designed by local architects Gan Eng Oon, William Lim, and Tay Kheng Soon, who were influenced by the Brutalist style of architecture. Brutalism is characterized by raw concrete, angular shapes, and exposed steel and glass.
The Golden Mile Complex covers an area of 1.3 hectares (3.2 acres) and has a floor area of 8 hectares (19.8 acres). It has 16 stories and a basement. The building has 411 shops, 220 offices, and 70 residential units. The shops are located on the first four floors, the offices are on the fifth to ninth floors, and the residential units are on the tenth to sixteenth floors. The Golden Mile Complex is known as “Little Thailand” because it has many Thai businesses and eateries. It is also a popular hangout for the Thai community and residents. The building has a variety of Thai products, such as food, clothing, music, and massage. It also has tourist and ticketing agencies for travelers going to Malaysia by bus or coach.
The Golden Mile Complex was sold for $700 million (€637 million, £609 million) in May 2022 to a consortium comprising Perennial Holdings, Sino Land, and Far East Organization. The consortium plans to redevelop the building while preserving its original structure and design. The building was gazetted for conservation by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in October 2021, as it is an important icon of Singapore’s post-war nation-building and architectural heritage.
14. Changi Airport Control Tower
The Changi Airport control tower is an architectural landmark in Singapore that oversees the operations of one of the world’s busiest airports. The tower is 81 meters (266 feet) above mean sea level and is between the airport’s two runways. It provides aerodrome control service to aircraft landing, departing, and maneuvering within the airport. In a day, the tower handles 1,000 aircraft movements. The Changi Airport control tower was constructed in 1981 as part of the first phase of the airport’s development. It has a cylindrical shape with a tapered base and a dome-shaped top. The tower is clad with aluminum panels and glass windows that offer a panoramic view of the airport and its surroundings. The tower also has a radar antenna on its roof that helps to monitor the air traffic in the Singapore Flight Information Region.
The Changi Airport control tower’s design was influenced by the modernist style of architecture that emerged in the 20th century. The style emphasizes functionality, simplicity, and rationality in form and structure. The tower’s shape and materials reflect these principles and the airport’s technological and engineering achievements. The tower’s height and location make it a prominent and recognizable feature of the airport’s landscape. The Changi Airport control tower is an operational facility and a symbol of the airport’s vision and values. The airport is committed to providing quality service, leading its business, and ensuring safe and efficient air traffic flows. The tower represents these goals and the airport’s role as a major aviation hub in the Asia-Pacific region. The tower also showcases the airport’s innovation and adaptability as it continues to expand and upgrade its infrastructure to meet the growing demands of the industry.
The Changi Airport control tower is not Singapore’s only air traffic control facility. There is another tower at Seletar Airport, which serves smaller aircraft and helicopters. The Singapore Air Traffic Control Centre also provides approach and area control services to aircraft operating in the Singapore Flight Information Region. In 2024, a second tower near Terminal 5 will be built to enhance the visual line of sight of the air traffic controllers.
What are the top cities to visit in Singapore as an architecture enthusiast?
Listed below are the top cities to visit in Singapore as an architecture enthusiast:
- Marina Bay: Marina Bay is a prominent architectural hub in Singapore, located in the city’s central area. It is home to iconic structures such as the Marina Bay Sands, a world-class integrated resort featuring a unique design with three interconnected towers topped by a sky park. The Bay Area also has futuristic Gardens by the Bay, which showcase innovative and sustainable architecture and its supertrees and domed conservatories. Visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the city skyline from the observation deck of the Marina Bay Sands or immerse themselves in the lush greenery of the Gardens by the Bay.
- Chinatown: Chinatown is a vibrant district in Singapore known for its rich cultural heritage and distinctive architectural style. The area showcases a blend of traditional Chinese architecture and colorful shophouses adorned with intricate motifs and decorative elements. Visitors can explore the Buddha Tooth Relic Temple, a magnificent four-story temple showcasing Tang Dynasty architectural influences. The Chinatown Heritage Centre provides a glimpse into the area’s history through its preserved shophouse interiors. The Sri Mariamman Temple, Singapore’s oldest Hindu temple, also showcases intricate Dravidian architectural features.
- Kampong Glam: Kampong Glam is a historic neighborhood in Singapore with a unique mix of Malay and Arab influences. One of its notable architectural landmarks is the Sultan Mosque, an impressive structure with golden domes and intricate details. Visitors can also explore the Malay Heritage Centre, housed in a beautifully restored palace, which provides insights into the Malay culture and heritage. The area is known for its colorful shophouses, some of which have been transformed into trendy cafes and boutiques, adding to the vibrant atmosphere of Kampong Glam.
- Little India: Little India is a bustling enclave in Singapore that showcases the city’s Indian heritage and architecture. The Sri Veeramakaliamman Temple is a prominent landmark featuring intricate sculptures and colorful decorations. The area is also known for its traditional shophouses, often adorned with vibrant facades and ornate details. Visitors can explore the vibrant streets of Little India, filled with spice shops, flower garland vendors, and traditional Indian eateries, immersing themselves in the sights, sounds, and tastes of Indian culture.
- Tiong Bahru: Tiong Bahru is a hip and trendy neighborhood in Singapore that showcases a unique blend of Art Deco and modernist architecture. The area is known for its low-rise apartment blocks with curved balconies, geometric patterns, and rounded corners. Visitors can explore the Tiong Bahru Market, a local food center housed in a striking building that combines Art Deco and Streamline Moderne styles. The neighborhood also features quaint cafes, independent bookstores, and boutique shops, making it a popular destination for architecture enthusiasts seeking a mix of heritage and contemporary design.
Who are the most famous Singaporean architects in history?
The most famous Singaporean architects in history are William Lim, Liu Thai Ker, and Kerry Hill. Firstly, William Lim is a prominent figure in Singapore’s architectural scene. He gained recognition for his innovative designs that blend modern and traditional elements. Lim’s works reflect Singapore’s multicultural heritage and incorporate sustainable design principles. Notable projects by Lim include the iconic Shaw Foundation Symphony Stage at the Singapore Botanic Gardens and the transformation of the Old Hill Street Police Station into a vibrant arts space. His contributions to the field have earned him numerous accolades, and his architectural firm has been involved in projects in Singapore and internationally. Secondly, Liu Thai Ker is another highly regarded Singaporean architect. He was pivotal in shaping Singapore’s urban landscape as the former Chief Planner and Housing and Development Board (HDB) CEO. Liu Thai Ker’s vision and expertise were instrumental in implementing Singapore’s public housing program, which has been widely recognized as a successful model. He emphasized the importance of creating well-designed, sustainable, socially inclusive housing estates. Liu Thai Ker’s influence extends beyond public housing, as he has also been involved in urban planning projects and architectural design in various parts of the world. Lastly, Kerry Hill was an acclaimed Australian-born architect who made significant contributions to Singapore’s architectural scene. His work was characterized by a minimalist and contemporary aesthetic, often incorporating elements of Southeast Asian design. Hill was known for his meticulous attention to detail and the seamless integration of architecture with its surrounding environment. Some of his notable projects in Singapore include the iconic Raffles Hotel restoration and the award-winning Capella Singapore resort. Hill’s designs have left a lasting impact on Singapore’s architectural landscape and have been recognized with prestigious awards.
What is unique in Singapore’s architecture?
Listed below are the unique things in Singapore’s architecture:
- Modern Skyline: Singapore’s architecture is characterized by its modern and futuristic skyline. The city-state has transformed its landscape over the years, with iconic skyscrapers and avant-garde buildings that make it a prime example of contemporary urban architecture. The Marina Bay Sands complex’s distinctive three-tower structure and rooftop infinity pool are symbols of Singapore’s architectural innovation.
- Green Spaces: Despite its urban nature, Singapore strongly emphasizes integrating green spaces into its architecture. The city is known for its abundant rooftop gardens, vertical green walls, and lush parks. The Gardens by the Bay, featuring towering Supertrees and the iconic Flower Dome and Cloud Forest conservatories, showcases Singapore’s commitment to creating sustainable and green environments within the city.
- A mix of Cultural Influences: Singapore’s architecture reflects its multicultural heritage, blending influences from various cultures such as Chinese, Malay, Indian, and colonial styles. The shophouses in Chinatown and Little India exhibit traditional Chinese and Peranakan architectural elements, while the Sultan Mosque in Kampong Glam showcases Islamic architectural features. The colonial-era buildings in the Civic District, such as the Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall, exhibit British colonial architectural styles.
- High-density Housing: Due to limited land availability, Singapore has developed innovative solutions for high-density housing. The public housing system, known as HDB (Housing and Development Board), has created numerous high-rise apartment complexes across the city. These housing estates feature uniform and efficient designs, with amenities and facilities integrated into the developments. The HDB flats cater to diverse needs and budgets, integral to Singapore’s urban planning.
- Sustainable Design: Singapore strongly emphasizes sustainable design and energy efficiency in its architecture. Many buildings incorporate green technologies, such as solar panels, rainwater harvesting systems, and energy-efficient lighting. The Solaris building in the Fusionopolis complex showcases a distinctive solar panel facade that generates renewable energy. The emphasis on sustainable design aligns with Singapore’s commitment to creating a greener and more environmentally friendly city.
What building materials are mostly used in Singapore’s architecture?
Listed below are the building materials that are mostly used in Singapore’s architecture:
- Reinforced Concrete: Reinforced concrete is one of the primary building materials used in Singapore’s architecture. Its combination of concrete and steel reinforcement offers strength, durability, and versatility. Reinforced concrete is commonly used to construct high-rise buildings, bridges, and infrastructure projects in Singapore.
- Glass: Glass is extensively utilized in Singapore’s architecture to create sleek and modern designs. It allows natural light to penetrate buildings, reducing the need for artificial lighting and creating a sense of openness. Glass curtain walls are a common feature in many commercial and residential buildings, contributing to the city’s modern skyline.
- Steel: Steel is another prevalent building material due to its strength, flexibility, and ease of construction. It is commonly used in the framework of high-rise buildings, bridges, and industrial structures. Steel structures allow for large open spaces, enabling flexible interior layouts and efficient use of space.
- Aluminum: Aluminum is widely employed in Singapore’s architecture for its lightweight nature, corrosion resistance, and versatility. It is commonly used for windows, doors, and cladding systems, providing a sleek and modern aesthetic. Aluminum’s durability and low maintenance requirements make it a practical choice for the city-state’s humid climate.
- Timber: Although not as commonly used as other materials, timber is occasionally incorporated into Singapore’s architecture for its natural warmth and aesthetic appeal. Timber is often used in interior finishes and features, adding a touch of nature to the built environment. Sustainable timber sources are prioritized, aligning with Singapore’s commitment to environmental sustainability and responsible sourcing of materials.
